Makar Sankranti is one of the most prominent and ancient festivals of India. Celebrated every year in the Hindu month of Paush, it marks the sun’s transition into the zodiac sign of Capricorn (Makar Rashi). This usually falls on January 14 or 15. The festival is named “Makar Sankranti” because, on this day, the sun leaves the Sagittarius (Dhanu Rashi) and enters Capricorn. This festival holds immense importance in Indian culture, agriculture, and society.
The history of Makar Sankranti is deeply rooted in ancient traditions. This festival has been celebrated since Vedic times. According to the Puranas, on this day, the Sun God visits his son Shani Dev’s home. The festival is dedicated to the worship of the Sun, seeking its blessings. Additionally, the Mahabharata mentions that Bhishma Pitamah chose to relinquish his life on Makar Sankranti, making it a spiritually significant day.
The term "Makar Sankranti" signifies the transition of the Sun into the Capricorn zodiac. "Sankranti" means "movement" or "change." On this day, the Sun begins its northward journey, known as Uttarayan. This transition is significant not only from an astronomical perspective but also culturally and socially.
The significance of Makar Sankranti is not limited to religion; it also plays a vital role in agriculture and society. This festival symbolizes the arrival of the new harvest and is celebrated with great enthusiasm by farmers across India. People bathe in holy rivers, consume sesame and jaggery, and engage in charitable activities.
Scientific Importance of Makar Sankranti:
Makar Sankranti has scientific relevance as well. Due to the Earth’s tilt and the Sun’s motion, this is the time of the year when days begin to get longer and nights shorter. Astronomically, it marks the Sun’s entry into Uttarayan, symbolizing the shift of the Sun's tilt from the south to the north. This transition brings a change in seasons, reducing cold and heralding the arrival of warmer days.
Rituals of Bathing and Charity on Makar Sankranti:
Bathing in sacred rivers like the Ganga, Yamuna, Godavari, Krishna, and Kaveri on Makar Sankranti is considered highly auspicious. It is believed to cleanse sins and purify the soul. Charity is another key aspect of this festival.
Traditions of Charity:
Cultural Aspect of Makar Sankranti:
Makar Sankranti is not just a religious festival but also a celebration of cultural diversity. Different parts of India celebrate it in unique ways:
Religious Importance of Makar Sankranti:
Makar Sankranti holds significant religious value as well. The day is dedicated to Lord Vishnu and the Sun God.
Auspicious Timings on Makar Sankranti:
Performing rituals at the right time is crucial on Makar Sankranti. The auspicious period begins when the Sun enters Capricorn.
Social Significance of Makar Sankranti:
Makar Sankranti promotes social unity and community celebrations. Sharing sesame-jaggery sweets strengthens bonds and spreads positivity. Activities like kite flying bring people together in joy and festivity.
Makar Sankranti is not only a religious and cultural festival but also a celebration of India’s lifestyle, agriculture, and astronomical significance. It teaches us to express gratitude towards nature, foster social harmony, and embrace positivity in life. Let us celebrate this auspicious festival with enthusiasm and infuse our lives with renewed energy and inspiration!
